Oil burner



March 16 1926. 1,576,863 P. J. SNOWDEN 0'11, BURNER Filed Dec. 23, 1922 I N V EN TOR.

PEER) J J/VOWDEM A TTORNEYS.

Patented Mar. 16, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT'OFFIC E.

PERRY J. SNOWDEN, OF KOKOMO, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO EDWARD L. SELVAGE AND HARRY A. MATI-IIAS, BOTH OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed December 23, 1922. Serial No. 608,647.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PERRY J. SNOWDEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Kokomo, county of Howard, and State of Indiana, have invented a certain new and useful Oil Burner; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals refer to like parts.

This invention relates to a burner of the wickless type, and wherein fuel such as kerosene and the like may be burned and a white and sootless flame is secured.

The chief object of the invention is to construct a burner in such amanner that the parts thereof may be readily assembled; and when assembled into burner formation, said parts will be adapted to burn kerosene and the like with a resultant white or melt ing flame.

The chief feature of the invention consists in the peripheral arrangement of a plurality of burner jets or nozzels; and a further feature of the invention consists in the superposed relationship of the several parts forming the burner, whereby said parts may be readily assembled.

Another feature of the invention consists in the means for supporting the fuel reservoir supplying the jets.

A further feature of the invention consists in the particular non-circular cross sectional outline of the, jets.

Still a further feature of the invention is the provision of means for superheating or preheating the fuel if and when desired.

Another feature of the invention consists in the non-parallel and conical. arrangement of the jets in peripheral series and further in staggered relation with respect to each other. I 3

The full nature of the invention will. be understood from the accompanying drawings and the following description and claims. I

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the burner parts in operative position. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the broken line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and in the direction of the arrows and shows the positioning of the burner jets.

In the drawings 10 indicates a-tubular, and herein circular, support which is hollow to admit air. Adjacent the base of said tube 10, there is exteriorlysecureda ring 11 in spaced relationwith said tube, and said ring forms a drip groove 12. The drip grooveconstruction, also forms a support for the tube 10. Upon the tube 10 adjacent the upper edge thereof is-a plurality, and herein preferably three in number spaced equidistant from each other, of outwardly extending bosses 13 each having a threaded engagement with an adjustable, leveling and supporting bolt 14. A saucer-shaped member 15 is centrally apertured at 16 so as to receive the upper end of the tube 10. Said saucer has a flat portion which engages the adjusting and supporting bolts 14: and is horizontally supported thereby. I

The saucer 15 supports an air'jet nozzle plate which includes a circular portion 17 substantially concentric with the outer portion of the saucer 15 and the tube 10 and is positioned intermediate the same to form an air chamber and a mixing chamber. Said circular portion 17 rests upon and is supported by the saucer 15. An inclined portion 18 is a continuation of the circular portion 17', and said inclined portion is extended inwardly as a horizontal portion 19,

which is centrally apertured at 20' and has an eXtension21 of tubular form WhiCll 6X- tends upwardly, and thus partially closes the tube 10. The aforesaid construction provides an air chamber above the tube 10 and in communication therewith. The inclined portion 18 of the jet-forming plate construction hereinbefore described is suitably apertured as at 22, andthese apertures are preferably non-circular in form, and herein the same are illustrated as square or rectangular in outline. Each one of the openings 22 is provided with an upwardly and outwardly extending tubular jet-forming extension '23. Said jets I 23 have a tapered end 2 1. These jets 23 while they extend upwardly and outwardly from the inclined plate portion 18are not all positioned at the same angle. Every alternate jet is directed upwardly'while every other jet is directedslightly downwardly, reference being, had to a cone positioned intermediate the two cones including' the axes of each group of jets. Hereinafter these jets will be termed the upper and lower series of the lower ets. The horizon'talportion 19 of the air jet-forming plate is also apertured at 25, and defining each ofsaid atomizing chamber to the air. section of said jet is preferably square or apertures is an upward and tubular extension 26 which forms another air jet. These air jets 25 are likewise square or rectangular in cross section. The aforesaid constitutes the air supplying construction of the burner.

The following constitutes the fuel supply ing portions of the burner and the association thereof with the air supplying por tions. An annular tubular portion 27 has an inwardly and downwardly inclined wall 28, which wall is extended at 29 as shown. Intermediate the portions 28 and 29 and substantially at right angles to said inclined wall 28 is an'inclined annular wall 30 which terminates in a groove-forming portion 131. The groove-forming portion 131 is seatable upon and receives the upper end of the annularsaucer 15 and is supported by the latter. The inclined portion 30 is suitably apertured at 31, and said aperture is defined by the tubular exterior 32. The apertures 31 register with the apertures 22, and the tube or jet portions 32 are in alignment with the jet portions 23. Thus air passing from the chamber formed by the plates 15 and 17 passes out through the aligned tubes 23 and 32. Positioned in the lower portion of the annular space between the saucer 15 and the substantially vertical portion of the plate 17 hereinbefore designated as the mixing or atomizing chamber is .an absorbent material 33, herein illustrated in the form of a ring, and said ring partially seals the lower end of what may be termed the fuel and atomizing chambers defined by the inclined portion 30, the upwardly ext-ending portion of the saucer, and the concentric portions 17 and 18 of the inner annular member.

The .upper end of the fuel chamber and the upper end of the air chamber are each closed by the following construction. A plate 34rests upon the upper end of the tubular plate 27 and closes the same. Said plate 34 is provided with a tubular and concentric portion 35 which extends down- Wardly and terminates in a horizontal plate portion 36, the latter being apertured at .37. The apertures 37 are preferably rectangular in form for a purpose hereinafter to be described. Positioned between the plate portion 35 and the plate portions 27 and 28 is a saucer or cup 38 having an an nular lip .39 which ,isslightly grooved at 40. The saucer 38 has its horizontal portion apertured at 41, which registers with the aperture 37, and said apertures are connected by the tubular portion 42, thereby defining another opening fromflthe interior The cross rectangular and registers with the jet defined by the aperture 25 of the air chamber forming plate.

Extending downwardly from the saucershaped fuel forming plate is a depending annular portion 43, which portion acts as a deflecting plate or wall and deflects the fuel downwardly upon the portions 18 and 19 of the air chamber-forming plate construction. This prevents fuel discharged from the saucer-shaped chamber formed between the portions 38 and 35 and 36 from passing directly out through the aperture 37. The horizontal portion of the fuel chamberforming saucer 38 is provided with an annular ring 44: which is concentric with the annular portion 4-3 and is also concentric with the upwardly extending portion 21 of the air chamber forming plate. The tubular portions 21 and 4A are so positioned with respect to each other that they pre vent the. passage of fuel inwardly, or the passage of air outwardly. The construc tion hereinbefore described thus is adapted to close the upper end of the tubular portion 21.

A fuel supply line 45 is controlled by a suitable valve 46, and said supply line extends upwardly as a lineA7 through the tube 10 and discharges into the fuel chamber.

Herein a super-heater or. a pro-heater is illustrated and the same includes an annular or upwardly extending wall 48 which surrounds the bearing wall 49 and is concen tric therewith. A cover 50 closes the chamber thus formed, and said cover 50 has a threaded opening adapted to receive the threaded end 51 of a bolt 52, which bolt is associated with 'a transverse bar 53, the ends of which engage the under face of the horizontal or drip groove 12. In this manner all of the foregoing detachable superposed annular members are secured together in rigid relationship. In the super-heated chamber thus formed, there is positioned two conduits 54 and 55. The conduit 54: terminates near the base of the chamber and constitutes the suppply pipe therefor. The conduit 55 terminates near the cover or top of the chamberand constitutes the discharge for said heating chamber. The flames from the nozzles 37 which are in the groove defined by the wall 48 and the wall 35 heat the fluid in the super-heater chamher, and the heated fluid is discharged through the line 55 for preheating the fuel. Thismay be accomplished in a direct or indirect manner. When direct heating is desired, the fuel is supplied to the line 54:, is heated in the superheated chamber and is then withdrawn through the line 55 and supplied to'the valve controlled line 45 in a preheated condition without danger of an explosion, since the heated fuel has no ac cess to the air.

Herein thebolt 52 is shown as extended at 56, and said bolt supports a plate 57 which is apertured to support the pipes or conduits 4:7, 54 and in spaced and rigid relation. I

The operation of the burner is as follows: Fuel is supplied through the line 4C5 controlled by the valve 46 to the fuel chamber. The fuel discharges over the lip 39 upon the inclined wall 28 and continues downwardly until it engages the chamber-forming wall substantially at the junction of the inclined portion 18 with the horizontal portion 19 thereof. Air passing upwardly through the tube 10 enters the air chamber and rushes outwardly from the same through the jets 23 and 26, thereby causing a suction in the fuel chamber, which suction carries the fuel outwardly and thus a flame is secured-at the end of the jets 31 and 37. The jets 31 are lighted as follows: The fuel continues to flow downwardly until sufficient fuel, has seeped past the groove 33 and is discharged into and received by the ring 12. The oil in the ring 12 is ignited and said oiltemporarily heats the entire structure until the mixture from the nozzles 31 is ignited.

' Thereafter the nozzles 31 continue to supply fuel to the flame. The nozzles 37 are ignited in any desired manner, since after the nozzles 31 have beenignited, the wall 28 will be heated and volatilize the fuel discharged thereon. In the aforesaid annular construction there are three annular rings or jets, an upper series and a lower series, the latter including an upper and lower set.

While the invention has been illustrated as composed of parts which are positioned for detachment, other parts may be pro'- vided which have substantially the same general outline in total, but in particular each piece might be otherwise shaped. This idea is of value when it is desired to construct the burner in such a manner that the fuel font may be interchangeable with another for continuous operation while the removed part is being cleaned.

So far as is known, the foregoing described burner is the only one which can be successfully utilized in a stove for heatin purposes. When the burner is positioned in a furnace, it is positioned upon the grate, and the latter is protected by suitable fire clay, etc. It is has been determined that the greater the draft from the furnace, the greater will be the heat generated by the burner, and, therefore, the greater the capacity of the burner. Thus the burner is adaptable to substantially all capacities of stoves and furnaces.

The invention claimed is:

1. In a wickless oil burner, the combination of an annular liquid fuel supply reservoir, an annular vaporizing chamber enclosing the same and including an outwardly directed wall surrounding said reservoir and forming'a vaporizing plate upon which said reservoir discharges fuel, air operated ejector flame nozzles discharging the vaporized fuel received from said plate outwardly and upwardly therebeneath whereby the resultant flames will engage the outer wall plate for heating the same and vaporizing the fuel supplied thereto by the reservoir and other air operated ejector flame nozzles discharging upwardly adjacent the inner wall of said annular vaporizing chamber. I

2. A device as defined by claim 1 characterized by the addition of fuel preheating means positioned centrally within but not enclosed by the annular vaporizing chamber and engageable by the flames from said second mentioned air operated ejectorfiame forming nozzles.

3. A device as defined by claim 1 characterized by said nozzles each having'a square outlined mouth.

4. A device as defined by claim 1 characterized by said nozzles each having a poly onally outlined mouth.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature.

PERRY J. SNOWDEN. 

